Some of the most promising medical ideas hide in plain sight. Researchers at the University of Manchester think one of the best early-warning systems for breast cancer may be something produced by the breast itself: breast milk. A team led by Dr. Niki Flaum, a consultant oncologist at the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, is investigating whether fragments of circulating tumor DNA found in breast milk could reveal the disease earlier than a blood test or a scan. The work, reported by the Press Association on Oct. 3, opens a door that scientists say has been ignored for far too long.
“We know surprisingly little about the genetic changes to breast milk, as this bio-fluid has been remarkably under-researched until now,” Flaum said. She is blunt about the need: “There is an urgent need to find better, more reliable ways to detect breast cancer in women during and after pregnancy.”
A dangerous blind spot
Here is the paradox the Manchester team is trying to solve. Breastfeeding is linked to a lower lifetime risk of breast cancer, which is genuinely good news. But during pregnancy and in the months after giving birth, a woman’s risk is actually higher, and that is exactly when detection is hardest. Breast imaging during pregnancy and lactation is often unreliable because the tissue changes so much. The result is that pregnancy-associated breast cancer is more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage, after it has already spread, and survival outcomes are significantly worse than for women of the same age who have not recently given birth.
The numbers sharpen the point. Pregnancy-related breast cancer is thought to affect roughly one in 3,000 pregnancies, but the risk can climb as high as one in 50 for women carrying a faulty BRCA gene. Breast cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related death among women aged 35 to 64 in the UK. For younger women with inherited genetic faults, a reliable screening tool during those years would be life-changing.
What the science already suggests
Flaum’s team is not starting from zero. Published research on breast milk as a source of tumor DNA has already shown striking results: in one study, researchers identified circulating tumor DNA in the affected breast of every evaluable breast cancer patient they tested, and none in the unaffected breast. More remarkable still, two patients had frozen breast milk samples from an earlier pregnancy. In one case, a sample collected 18 months before the woman’s diagnosis carried the same cancer-linked mutation found in her tumor. In another, a mutation appeared in breast milk at earlier time points while ultrasound did not find the tumor until the 17th month after childbirth.
The researchers’ conclusion was bold: breast milk appears to be a superior source of tumor DNA compared with blood plasma for early-stage breast cancer, and it could be adapted for early detection “in a setting compatible with routine clinical practice.” That phrase matters. A screening method only helps if women can actually use it, and a non-invasive sample collected at home clears a bar that mammograms and biopsies cannot.
Where it goes from here
Flaum is careful about the timeline. Her team first needs reliable methods for detecting cancer-related DNA in breast milk, and only then can future research test whether the approach works as a screening tool for women with breast cancer or those at high risk. This is early-stage science, and early-stage science sometimes disappoints. But the direction of travel is unmistakable: medicine is getting better at finding cancer before it announces itself, from Biogen’s durable results for lupus skin disease to new research on boosting brain blood flow in people at risk of Alzheimer’s. Each of these studies chases the same prize: intervene earlier, and outcomes improve.
For women reading this today, the practical takeaway is straightforward, and it does not require waiting for a breakthrough. If you are pregnant, recently gave birth, or breastfeeding and you notice a lump, thickening, or change in your breast, get it checked promptly rather than assuming it is a pregnancy change. Push for follow-up if something feels wrong, because the hardest part of this disease in young mothers is delay, not biology. Knowing your family history and your genetic risk matters too. The Manchester research is about the future, but vigilance is the screening tool that already exists.
There is also a quieter point worth making. Women’s bodies have been under-researched in medicine for decades, and breast milk may be one of the most under-studied fluids of all. That a team in Manchester is now treating it as a window into what is happening inside the breast, in Flaum’s words, feels like a correction long overdue. If the science holds, a few milliliters of milk could one day do what a mammogram cannot: catch cancer in the women who are hardest to screen, at the moment when catching it matters most. That is a future worth rooting for.
Lupus is an autoimmune disease in which the body's defense system attacks its own tissue. In the cutaneous form, the skin takes the hit: inflammation, lesions, scarring, sometimes hair loss. It can affect anyone, but it hits women disproportionately, and it often arrives in the prime of life.
Litifilimab takes aim at a specific piece of this misfire. It is designed to be a first-in-class therapy — meaning no approved drug works quite this way. The FDA granted it Breakthrough Therapy Designation back in January 2026, a signal that regulators see real promise in the approach. Phase 3 data is expected in the first half of 2027, which means the next big readout is not far off. It is part of a broader wave of sharper, simpler medicine — the same wave that just produced a urine RNA test outperforming standard bladder cancer screening.
No new safety signals emerged in the 52-week data. In a field where potent drugs often bring potent side effects, that sentence carries real weight.
Why this readout matters more than most
Medical progress often arrives in small steps, and this is one of those moments where a small step is actually a large one. Consider the context. Diagnosing disease earlier keeps changing outcomes — earlier this week, a new urine RNA test was shown to beat standard bladder cancer screening, catching disease sooner with a simpler test. Dermatology is moving in the same direction: better tools, better timing, better lives.
The durability of the response is the headline within the headline. Many drugs show early benefit that fades. Here the improvement held through week 52. For a lifelong disease, durability is everything. A treatment that works for three months and quits is not a solution; a treatment that keeps working for a year starts to look like one.
And then there is the patient experience behind the numbers. Cutaneous lupus is visible. People see it on your face. It affects how strangers look at you, how you feel about leaving the house, whether you take the photograph or avoid it. Clear or almost clear skin is not cosmetic vanity. It is getting your face back.
The practical takeaways
If you or someone you know lives with cutaneous lupus, here is what this news means right now.
Talk to your dermatologist about clinical trials. Phase 3 is underway, and trial participation is how patients access promising therapies early — while helping move the science forward. The AMETHYST study continues, and more data will follow.
Breakthrough designation is a real signal. The FDA hands out Breakthrough Therapy status to drugs that show substantial improvement over available options in early trials. It is not a guarantee, but it is the agency saying: this one is worth watching closely.
Expect the next readout in 2027. The Phase 3 data expected in the first half of next year will be the decisive test. If it confirms what the Phase 2 data shows, litifilimab could become the first new kind of medicine for cutaneous lupus in years.
Sun protection still matters. Nothing about an investigational drug changes the basics. UV light triggers flares in many patients, so sunscreen, protective clothing, and shade remain the everyday defenses that no pill or infusion replaces.
A field gathering momentum
Biogen presented these results at EADV in Vienna, Europe's major dermatology congress — the kind of venue where a strong readout gets noticed fast. Autoimmune research as a whole is having a good run. The pipeline for lupus, both the systemic and cutaneous forms, is deeper than it has been in a decade, and the biology is getting sharper: instead of suppressing the whole immune system and hoping for the best, researchers are targeting the specific pathways that misfire.
That is the deeper story here. Medicine is moving from blunt force to precision, and patients with diseases that were once treated as afterthoughts are finally getting therapies designed for them. Litifilimab still has to clear Phase 3. But for people who have waited years for good news about their skin, October 2 was a genuinely good day.
Looking ahead
There is still work to do — Phase 3 enrollment, the data readout, regulatory review, and the long business of making a new therapy accessible and affordable. None of that is trivial. But the direction of travel is unmistakable. A drug that clears the skin of more than a quarter of patients, holds its effect for a year, and kicks in within weeks of switching is the kind of result that changes how a disease is treated.
For now, the people living with cutaneous lupus can do something they have rarely been able to do: look at the research pipeline and feel optimistic. That optimism is earned. It came from a congress podium in Vienna, backed by 52 weeks of data, and it points toward a future where this disease stops being the one doctors shrug about. That future cannot arrive soon enough — but for the first time in a long while, it looks like it is actually arriving.
Science and Celebration Unite at the Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation Gala
A night of discovery, generosity, and global collaboration will illuminate New York as the Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation hosts its 28th Annual Collaborating for a Cure fundraiser.
New Yorks PR Powerhouse Norah Lawlor has just informed us that on Wednesday, October 22, 2025, the Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation will mark a remarkable chapter in its legacy of scientific progress and philanthropy. AND we want your support! The 28th Annual Collaborating for a Cure event, themed A Celebration of Breakthroughs, will take place at Apella, located at 450 East 29th Street in New York City. From 6:30 to 9:30 in the evening, supporters, scientists, and leaders from across industries will gather in a shared mission: to accelerate the discovery of cancer cures through innovation and unity.
This year’s gala will carry special meaning as it not only celebrates nearly five decades of transformative research funding but also unveils the Samuel Waxman Institute for Aging & Cancer. The newly established institute represents a pioneering effort in medical science, the first of its kind to study the intersection of aging and cancer in an integrated way. It embodies the Foundation’s enduring commitment to exploring new frontiers in cancer prevention and treatment by uniting brilliant minds across the globe.
All funds raised during the evening will be matched dollar-for-dollar through the Foundation’s partnership with The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research, effectively doubling the resources available to support groundbreaking scientific grants. The collaboration between these two organizations continues to expand the potential of translational research, ensuring that promising laboratory discoveries can evolve into real-world therapies faster than ever before.
The evening will also serve as a celebration of individuals whose contributions reflect the Foundation’s core values of leadership, compassion, and impact. Honorees include Jean Shafiroff, recognized as Philanthropist of the Year for her extensive charitable work and influence across numerous causes; Robert Wiener, Chairman Emeritus of Maxx Properties, also named Philanthropist of the Year for his longstanding commitment to philanthropy; and Dr. Jeffrey Settleman, Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer for Oncology Research and Development at Pfizer, who will receive the prestigious Breakthrough Science Award for his exceptional contributions to advancing cancer research.
Over nearly three decades, the Collaborating for a Cure fundraiser has become one of New York’s most inspiring philanthropic evenings. Known for blending elegance with purpose, the event draws a distinguished audience from the worlds of science, business, fashion, and entertainment. Guests will enjoy an exquisite seated dinner accompanied by a program that highlights the latest achievements of SWCRF-supported researchers, showcasing how collaboration continues to redefine what is possible in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
The Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation stands as a model of sustained scientific partnership. Since its founding in 1976, the organization has awarded more than $120 million to over 200 researchers worldwide. Central to its success is the Foundation’s signature model, the Institute Without Walls, which fosters open collaboration among global investigators, encouraging them to share data, techniques, and discoveries in real time. This approach has dramatically accelerated the pace at which cancer research progresses, bridging disciplines and national boundaries in the pursuit of cures.
At the heart of the Foundation’s philosophy is the understanding that collaboration fuels discovery. Through the decades, SWCRF has consistently sought to fund innovative science that identifies and corrects abnormal gene functions responsible for cancer while minimizing treatment toxicity for patients. The organization’s impact extends far beyond traditional grantmaking, cultivating a global community of scientists united by the belief that cooperation is essential to eradicating cancer.
As the evening unfolds at Apella, attendees will be reminded of the enduring power of partnership — between scientists and philanthropists, between institutions and individuals, and between innovation and compassion. The setting, overlooking the East River, offers a fitting backdrop for a night that honors visionaries shaping the future of medicine.
The celebration’s timing also highlights an important evolution in the Foundation’s journey. With the formal introduction of the Samuel Waxman Institute for Aging & Cancer, the Foundation is ushering in a new era of scientific exploration. By bringing together researchers who specialize in both aging and oncology, this initiative seeks to understand how the biological processes of aging influence the development and progression of cancer. The insights generated through this work are expected to transform how scientists approach prevention strategies and therapeutic design for the years ahead.
The honorees each reflect the multidimensional spirit of the Foundation’s work. Jean Shafiroff, whose philanthropic reach spans healthcare, animal welfare, and education, continues to embody the intersection of generosity and advocacy. Robert Wiener’s influence as both a business leader and humanitarian reflects the vital role that private sector visionaries play in supporting life-changing research. Dr. Jeffrey Settleman’s leadership at Pfizer underscores how industry innovation and academic collaboration can work in concert to move science forward.
Each year, Collaborating for a Cure not only raises funds but also raises awareness of the profound impact that sustained scientific investment can achieve. The event’s atmosphere combines the refinement of a gala with the sense of urgency and optimism that accompanies groundbreaking research. Guests leave with a deeper understanding that progress in oncology is not measured solely in laboratory milestones but also in the lives extended and the families preserved through research-driven discovery.
The partnership between SWCRF and The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research serves as a model for modern philanthropy. By aligning missions and resources, these organizations demonstrate how cooperation between charitable and scientific entities can double the reach and impact of every contribution. Their shared vision ensures that funds raised in a single evening have the power to transform entire research portfolios and open new paths toward cancer cures.
Throughout the evening, attendees will have the opportunity to hear about recent advancements supported by SWCRF grants, each representing a step closer to transforming cancer from a life-threatening diagnosis into a manageable condition. From molecular insights into tumor resistance to precision therapies tailored to genetic profiles, the work funded by the Foundation exemplifies how sustained investment in science yields tangible hope.
As the 28th annual event approaches, anticipation builds among supporters who have witnessed the Foundation’s growth from a pioneering idea into a global force for scientific collaboration. The Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation remains guided by its founder’s enduring belief that the cure for cancer will be discovered not by isolated efforts, but through collective determination and shared discovery.
For those wishing to join this celebration of progress and possibility, details and ticket information are available at www.waxmancancer.org/gala.
Dr. Samuel Waxman’s journey is defined by both scientific ambition and humanitarian vision. From his early days immersed in rigorous medical training to the founding of the Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation and decades of global collaborations, his story is one of steady advancement toward the bold objective of eradicating cancer.
Born and raised in New York City, Samuel Waxman completed an undergraduate degree at Cornell University in 1957 and earned his M.D. at the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center in 1963. He then undertook residency and fellowship training at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, where he would forge his career as an oncologist and hematologist.
In subsequent years he joined the faculty of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, rising to become the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Professor of Medicine (Cancer), Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, and Distinguished Service Professor of Oncological Sciences.
Even as the academic titles accumulated, Dr. Waxman’s attention stayed fixed on a key scientific frontier: the abnormal differentiation of cells that leads to leukemia and other cancers. He was among the first to champion “differentiation therapy” — a concept that instead of aiming merely to kill cancerous cells, seeks to restore them toward normal maturation.
In 1976, recognizing the critical need for flexible funding and cross‐institutional collaboration in cancer research, Dr. Waxman established the Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation (SWCRF). The foundation was born out of a simple conversation with a donor who asked whether Dr. Waxman had ever thought of creating an organization to fund his work. From that moment, the foundation became his vehicle to marshal resources, build networks and drive research that crossed traditional institutional boundaries.
Under Dr. Waxman’s leadership the foundation adopted a philosophy he long held: science progresses fastest when investigators and laboratories with complementary strengths join forces. The SWCRF’s “Institute Without Walls” model embodies this by funding collaborations rather than isolated labs, enabling teams from North America, Europe and Asia to work in concert on cancer’s most intractable mysteries.
One of Dr. Waxman’s landmark achievements came in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Working with colleagues in China — notably at the Shanghai Institute of Hematology — he helped pioneer treatment regimens using all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide. These therapies transformed APL from a near-certain fatal disease into one with survival rates above 90 percent.
Beyond leukemia, Dr. Waxman continued to apply differentiation‐based strategies, investigating how to correct abnormal gene functions, target regulatory proteins and even explore nutritional factors in cancer cell biology. His work linked vitamins such as A, B12 and folic acid to DNA synthesis and gene regulation, thus bridging basic biochemistry with clinical oncology.
Over the course of his career Dr. Waxman has authored more than 300 scientific papers, written chapters in textbooks on hematology and chemotherapy, and published books such as Differentiation Therapy and The Leukemia Cell. As founder and scientific director of SWCRF, he has overseen funding of tens of millions of dollars and fostered a global network of cancer researchers.
Equally important is Dr. Waxman’s role as mentor, connector and visionary. He has convened international conferences on differentiation therapy, set up honorary professorships (including at Shanghai Jiao Tong University) and guided young scientists into collaborative frameworks long before such models were common.
Dr. Waxman’s story is rooted in medicine yet shaped by global possibility. His early work in New York laboratories matured into partnerships that spanned oceans. His focus on differentiation therapy opened new pathways when cytotoxic chemotherapy seemed the only option. His foundation-building created infrastructure not only for his own laboratory but for research ecosystems that persist.
In recent years Dr. Waxman has held the titles of Professor Emeritus in Medicine, Hematology/Oncology and Oncological Sciences at Mount Sinai, while continuing active engagement in research and foundation work. His vision remains firmly on the future: therapies that are minimally toxic, personalized, gene‐function‐correcting, and globally accessible.
His legacy will persist well beyond his own lab: a generation of scientists seeing cancer not merely as a target to be destroyed but as a cellular programme to be re-educated; a network of collaborations crossing disciplinary and geographic borders; and therapies seeded from his foundational work that are now standard of care.
Dr. Samuel Waxman’s life is a testament to perseverance, innovation and the conviction that scientific progress is best achieved through cooperation rather than competition. His career exemplifies how a single patient‐centre orientation — that every cancer patient deserves the best possible future — can drive decades of inquiry, fund-raising, mentorship and global outreach.
In an era where the promise of cancer cure remains both urgent and complex, Dr. Waxman’s path reminds us that breakthroughs frequently come at the intersection of biology, collaboration and vision.
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